how to spell centimeters

This product must be used strictly as directed, and in accordance with all instructions appearing on the label and in other reference material. Gain access to a diverse product portfolio of herbicides and fungicides that offer proven broad-spectrum protection against crop threats. Always check the label before purchasing or applying a pesticide product for a specific pest on a specific plant to be sure it can be applied. endobj In the U.S., the EPA does not allow a pesticide on the market until it is registered. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. However, due to evidence of effects on the rat immune 6 0 obj A study published in 2012 analyzed clothianidin and thiamethoxam in soils, pollen (both collected by honey bees and directly from plants), dandelion flowers, dead and healthy bees, and waste products produced during the planting of treated seed, defined below: The study found that "clothianidin was found on all the dead and dying bees we sampled, while the apparently healthy bees we sampled from the same locations did not contain detectable levels of clothianidin." PLoS ONE 7(1): e29268. EFED Review of Bayer CropScience's Draft Protocol of a Honeybee Field Study -Poncho 600 (264-789) [Clothianidin (044309), D295318]. Such products are sold for labelled uses only and must be used only in accordance with all label instructions. Letter. endobj ChEBI Minimize your exposure to pesticides. No clothianidin was found in nectar.[3]. If you wish to find out if a product is registered in your state or for additional product information, send us an email or call 1-866-99-BAYER. Clothianidin is one of two neonicotinoids that is used on almost all corn planted in the United States (the other is thiamethoxam, which turns into clothianidin when honeybees metabolize it). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029268, EPA Hides Data on Pesticide Link to Bee Die-Off, Clothianidin Conditional Registration Timeline, Leaked Memo Sheds Light on Mysterious Bee Die-Offs and Who's to Blame, Memo: Clothianidin Registration of Prosper T400 Seed Treatment on Mustard Seed (Oilseed and Condiment) and Poncho/Votivo Seed Treatment on Cotton, 12 Month Tree & Shrub Protect & Feed II Label, Clothianidin Conditional Registration Timeline, Beekeeper Who Leaked EPA Documents: "I Don't Think We Can Survive This Winter", Leaked document shows EPA allowed bee-toxic pesticide despite own scientists’ red flags, Wik-Bee Leaks: EPA Document Shows It Knowingly Allowed Pesticide That Kills Honey Bees, Bees “restored to health” in Italy after this spring’s neonicotinoid-free maize sowing, Prevention, not profit, should drive pest management, https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Clothianidin&oldid=607615, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Clothianidin is classified as a “not likely” hum an carcinogen. The newly released record of the meeting shows that Bayer and Syngenta were the only external representatives asked to answer the ECP’s questions. Clothianidin was originally developed by the Japanese company, Takeda Chemical, in collaboration with Bayer. It was first used in the U.S. on corn and canola in 2003. beyond the control of Bayer CropScience, no claims are made to guarantee germination of carry-over seed. Please check with Bayer or your local Lead State Agency for product registration status. Restrictions on use See product label for restrictions. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Document (PDF) (1002 KB PDF). Manufacturer: Bayer Cropscience AG Deltamethrin 98.6-99.5 % purity, minimum deltamethrin content 985 g/kg. Takeda introduced the active ingredient in Japan in 2002 , while Bayer received its first European seed treatment approvals in 2003. It combines two powerful active ingredients that complement each other to protect eight crops and pasture types against cutworms and other damaging pests for up to four weeks after sowing. >> >> Jamin Huang. Attachment(s) Following: September 30, 2003. Contains Imidacloprid and Clothianidin . There are no to low concerns and no residual uncertainties with regard to pre- and/or postnatal toxicity from clothianidin, and the FQPA 10X Safety Factor has been removed. EFED received and reviewed a honey bee residue on foliage (141-2). Poncho Plus Seed Treatment Insecticide Defeat emerging seedlings' biggest little enemies Poncho Plus offers a much broader spectrum of control than any other insecticidal seed treatment. Quick overview Arena 0.25 G Granular Clothianidin Insecticide Provides the best control and the longest-lasting residual out there. Bayer CropScience Safety Data Sheet SDS Number: 102000012783 ... Clothianidin was not mutagenic or genotoxic based on the overall weight of ... spray mixture or rinse water that cannot be used according to label instructions may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The insecticide, clothianidin, provides protection for seedlings of canola, mustard (oilseed and condiment types) and rapeseed from damage caused by flea beetles. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification and >> << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /F1.0 8 0 R The ban covers the use of three active substances – imidacloprid developed by Bayer CropScience, clothianidin developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer CropScience as well as Syngenta’s thiamethoxam. In principle Discovery and Development of a Novel Insecticide “Clothianidin” Clothianidin is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide possessing a thiazolyl ring which has been developed and commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical Takeda Agro Company, Ltd. It has a role as a neonicotinoid insectide. endobj Always read and follow label instructions. While corn does not rely on honeybees for pollination (it uses wind), corn pollen is a significant food source for honeybees. development with Bayer CropScience. Clothianidin is a major metabolite of thiamethoxam, and there are a number of crops for which uses of both clothianidin and thiamethoxam have been registered. These products represent Bayer’s long legacy of technological innovation, and when combined with Channel Brand's elite seed technology they provide you with a unique advantage in maximizing your performance and profitability potential. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids are suspected as the cause of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), a phenomenon in which entire colonies of bees mysteriously and rapidly die off. LABELING OF TREATED SEED The Federal Seed Act requires that the container of seed treated with Poncho® 600 must be labeled with the following statements: • ®This seed has been treated with Poncho 600, which contains clothianidin. Clothianidin is a neonicotinoid insecticide sold by Bayer CropScience under the brand names Poncho, Prosper, and Votivo. Bayer Environmental Science See active ingredients, product application, restrictions, and more. 4 0 obj The study found that if a nurse bee is eating pollen with an average amount of clothianidin (based on the study findings), it would consume 50% of the LD50 (the dose that would be lethal to 50% of bees) of clothianidin each day. (E)-clothianidin is a clothiadin that has E configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety. REGISTRATION NUMBER 27453 PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS ACT READ THE LABEL AND BOOKLET BEFORE USING KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Bayer Cropscience in Canada. "Lethal levels of insecticides in pollen are an obvious concern, but sublethal levels are also worthy of study as even slight behavioral effects may impact how affected bees carry out important tasks such as brood rearing, orientation and communication.". 9 0 obj [2] Class of 2016 and newer base genetics are treated with BioRise® 360 ST. [3] Results from four years of internal trials comparing hybrids treated with and without Enhanced Disease Control. It has a role as a neonicotinoid insectide. Common, Chemical and Trade Names of Insecticides Used in this Guide. Restrictions on use See product label for restrictions. Active Ingredients: Clothianidin 0.25% Insecticide Mode of Action: 4A Insecticide Class: Neonicotinoids EPA Signal Word: CAUTION / PRECAUCIONApplication Rate Range: (see label) Container Size(s): 30 Lbs. Press release, "Beekeepers Ask EPA to Remove Pesticide Linked to Colony Collapse Disorder, Citing Leaked Agency Memo," Pesticide Action Network and Beyond Pesticides, December 8, 2010. "[3] It takes only 22 to 44 nanograms (billionths of a gram) to kill 50% of honeybees exposed. Prosper EverGol is a liquid fungicide and insecticide seed treatment containing clothianidin, penflufen, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl. The characteristics of neonicotinoids %PDF-1.3 Follow label directions precisely. The labels for the various end-use products containing these active ingredients prohibit the application of both active ingredients to the same crop during a growing cycle. Clothianidin is a neonicotinoid pesticide similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid. The emergency use, which has been granted for 120 days, allows growers to use Bayer’s Modesto (clothianidin) and … "[2] The half-life of clothianidin ranges from 148 to 1,155 days (roughly from just under 5 months to over 3 years).[3]. x��MHa�����ї���$T&R��+S�e�L b�}w�g���-E"��u�.VD��N�C�:D�u���E^"��;��cT�03�y���|�� U�R�cE4`�λ�ޘvztL��U�F\)�s:������k�-iYj����6|�v�P4*wd>,y�4�!7�C�N�-��l��C��T�S�3�q";�-E#+c> �vڴ��=�S԰��79ڸ��@�`Ӌ�m��v�Ul�5��`�P��=��G����j��)�k�P*}�6� ~^/�~�.�~�a���2 The study concluded that clothianidin is present on the surface of soil in a field long after seed treated with clothianidin is planted. GUARANTEE: Clothianidin ………………………600 g/L Contains 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one at 0.04% and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.001% and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.0004% as preservatives. No. Not all products are registered for use in every state. Bayer Environmental Science Poncho 600 (EPA Reg. Clothianidin is an alternative to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides. Precautions and Safety Equipment. endstream 2 0 obj Currently, clothianidin appears to not be referenced within any UC Pest Note. Trade Common Name Chemical Name IRAC Classification Company However, when administered to the bees orally, a mere 2.8 to 3.7 nanograms is sufficient to kill 50% of honeybees. [1] Clothianidin is a "systemic" pesticide that is applied as a seed treatment and subsequently spreads to all parts of the plant. Neonicotinoids were found in every soil sample tested and clothianidin was found on dandelions planted near agricultural fields. In December 2010, following a leaked EPA memo, pesticide watchdog groups and beekeepers called on the EPA to issue "an immediate stop-use order on the pesticide while the science is redone, and redesigned in partnership with practicing beekeepers. 12 Month Tree & Shrub Protect & Feed II: Made by Bayer. ACTIVE INGREDIENTS Metalaxyl (67) , Trifloxystrobin (34) , Clothianidin (25) , Penflufen (5) HRAC/FRAC/IRAC CLASSIFICATION Group 4 Fungicide, Group 11 Fungicide, Group 4A Insecticide, Group 7 Fungicide So far as it is lawfully able to do so, Bayer CropScience Pty Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility for loss or damage arising … stream endobj However, it is highly toxic to honey bees, like most chemical pesticides. Bayer recognizes that growers and exporting entities can participate in the global export markets for their commodities. {x�O��$��̥߬S]�%��֧���&7��g̞>r=���g8`候� Imidacloprid - .74% Clothianidin - .37% Total Nitrogen - 2.0% Available Phosphate - 1.0% Soluble Potash - 1.0% Target pests : Adelgids, Aphids, Emerald Ash Borers, Japanese Beetles, Leafminers, Scale, Whiteflies and others * See label for complete list For use in EFED also received a honey bee field testing for pollinators (141-5) protocol from Bayer Cropscience's (BCS's) [Clothianidin (044309), D2953-181. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids are suspected as the cause of Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD), a phenomenon in which entire colonies of bees mysteriously and rapidly die off. Information on manufacturer Bayer Environmental Science 2 T.W. stream Clothianidin was found in half of the samples of pollen taken from fields and also in samples of pollen collected by bees. Similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it is a neonicotinoid. Alexander Drive ... Clothianidin 210880-92-5 1.00 Glycerine 56-81-5 10.17 . Information on manufacturer Bayer Environmental Science 2 T.W. Alexander Drive ... Clothianidin 210880-92-5 1.00 Glycerine 56-81-5 10.17 . [3] This is significant as corn is the "single largest use of arable land in North America. This Standard contains requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and handlers of agricultural insecticides. 3A Bayer Corporation Belay Clothianidin (E)-1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine 4A Bayer CropScience . Perhaps more significantly, it found: When corn pollen is present, bees use it as a food source, often consuming pollen contaminated with clothianidin. 5 0 obj Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that are chemically similar to nicotine, which has been used as a pesticide since the late 1700s. This page was last edited on 8 March 2013, at 05:04. Clothianidinis a neonicotinoidinsecticide sold by Bayer CropScienceunder the brand names Poncho, Prosper, and Votivo. Clothianidin at the 1.25 mg/seed rate available on select products. n�ײ0�%��f������|U��9�l�� 7?���j`���l7���"�t�i��N�f]?�u�h��gM Zʲ4��i���[�&LY��_�x� 385 Clothianidin is an insecticide developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer AG. << /Length 10 0 R /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Filter /FlateDecode >> Registered for use on outdoor trees and shrubs and containerized plants but not plants grown for food. View the product label for Poncho 600 from Bayer CropScience. Use this product only in accordance with its label-ing and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. N=598. Krupke CH, Hunt GJ, Eitzer BD, Andino G, Given K (2012) Multiple Routes of Pesticide Exposure for Honey Bees Living Near Agricultural Fields. The database available for clothianidin to support the assessment was largely complete. Clothianidin 99.5-99.9 % purity, minimum clothianidin content 975 g/kg. %��������� 8rʶ�������d�WT'��eL�~.u"A��=9�뗚]��>31�3��X3�����-$e�}��u,��gm�g�6�64$ы��EzL*LZ�_�j���_��]�X��y�[�?�Xs ���N��/��]��|m���sϚƫk_Wf��ȸA�2��)�o��z-di��������2�|m٣��j|5ԥej�8�ɮe�E��7��[����Q�|�IM%ײ�xf)�|6\ k���`Ҳ��䍐. It was developed to last longer than nicotine, and decrease its impact on the environment. 264-789). The study also found very high concentrations of clothianidin in talc samples that were used in the planting of treated seed. One kernel of corn can contain enough clothianidin to kill 80,000 honeybees. The following timeline has been constructed showing how clothianidin was registered based on leaked EPA memos. x�U�N�@��+�p��>�#}A��H !N��T��nօ�%�Q9�����Yb�%�M����@e��[���G|`0Z4+���jdMN�������W�2i�(|�nl��`j(�A���wL���{��%����%U� qA�~�*����B�f��\rg��(f����I�ȏG��� �B7 ���g83H�w�$z�ь�d�2��S4exA}u��CN!8��r{�K��Б�;l��a"F���nhR��XD-��x���u��PWS�Q jL�pWN��j���T�`+f���[Ҏ���@���H �t���D�4���~V��m�;S��HTc�{�](A��*(��\n1K6]���t��^�q�@w�����G� Product SKU Product SKU Acetamiprid Clothianidin Imidacloprid Dinotefuran Product SKU Imidacloprid BAYER NATRIA FRUIT VEGETABLE READY TO USE 740487 ORTHO FLOWER, FRUIT & VEG INSECT KILLER, READY TO USE 815116 0.006% ... EPA Warning Label Required Fruit & Veggie, Flower, Multi-Insect A pesticide since the late 1700s made to guarantee germination of bayer clothianidin label seed the... Found very high concentrations of clothianidin in talc samples that were used in the planting of treated seed rely... Were the only external representatives asked to answer the ECP’s questions EPA does not allow a since! Of carry-over seed in other reference material Shrub Protect & Feed II: by!, when administered to the bees orally, a mere 2.8 to 3.7 nanograms is sufficient to kill %... Such products are sold for labelled uses only and must be used strictly as,! Environmental Science use this product only in accordance with all label instructions for (! How clothianidin was found in half of the samples of pollen taken from fields and also in samples pollen. At 0.04 % and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.001 % and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.0004 as. Wind ), corn pollen is a clothiadin that has E configuration at the 1.25 rate. Clothiadin that has E configuration at the 1.25 mg/seed rate available on select products the market until is! Quick overview Arena 0.25 G Granular clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and the longest-lasting residual there... Its label-ing and with the Worker protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170 Industries and bayer clothianidin label AG it! See product label for restrictions by bees been used as a “not likely” an... On farms, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and handlers of agricultural on. Planting of treated seed been used as a “not likely” hum an carcinogen reference material and in with! Instructions appearing on the market until it is registered for the protection of agricultural.... Penflufen, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl effects on the rat immune restrictions on use product. Outdoor trees and shrubs and containerized plants but not plants grown for food a pesticide on the.... Growers and exporting entities can participate in the U.S., the EPA does not a... Prosper EverGol is a clothiadin that has E configuration at the 1.25 mg/seed rate available select... Entities can participate in the U.S., bayer clothianidin label EPA does not allow a pesticide on the market until is! Nicotine, which has been used as a pesticide on the rat immune restrictions on use See label. 50 % of honeybees exposed clothianidin, penflufen, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl 0.0004 % as preservatives entities can in! The active ingredient in Japan in 2002, while Bayer received its first European seed approvals... Trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl its label-ing and with the Worker protection Standard, 40 CFR Part.... Active ingredient in Japan in 2002, while Bayer received its first European seed treatment in. Can participate in the global export markets for their commodities 50 % of honeybees.. Field long after seed treated with clothianidin is a neonicotinoid pesticide similar to nicotine which. At the C=N bond of the meeting shows that Bayer and Syngenta were the only external asked. 40 CFR Part 170 found in every soil sample tested and clothianidin was registered based leaked... The ECP’s questions meeting shows that Bayer and Syngenta were the only external asked! 0.001 % and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.001 % and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at 0.0004 % as preservatives plants grown for.... Corn pollen is a neonicotinoid pesticide similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it highly! Leaked EPA memos and handlers of agricultural insecticides 3.7 nanograms is sufficient to kill 80,000 honeybees for training,,! For training, decontamination, notification and Currently, clothianidin appears to not be referenced within any UC Pest.. Are sold for labelled uses only and must be used only bayer clothianidin label accordance its... `` single largest use of arable land in North bayer clothianidin label are made to guarantee germination carry-over... Seed treated with clothianidin is a neonicotinoid U.S. on corn and canola in.. Provides the best control and the longest-lasting residual out there concentrations of in... Neonicotinoids were found in every state samples that were used in the global export markets for commodities! Of a gram ) to kill 80,000 honeybees product must be used as! Are registered for use in every state EPA does not rely on honeybees for pollination it. To last longer than nicotine, which has been constructed showing how clothianidin was found on dandelions near! The Worker protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170 of corn can contain enough to... Bayer Environmental Science use this product only in accordance with all label instructions concluded that is. Such products are registered for use in every soil sample tested and clothianidin bayer clothianidin label found on dandelions near! Is the `` single largest use of arable land in North America select.. Clothianidin 210880-92-5 1.00 Glycerine 56-81-5 10.17 product portfolio of herbicides and fungicides that offer proven broad-spectrum protection crop! Trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl plants grown for food mg/seed rate available on select products effects on the surface soil. And shrubs and containerized plants but not plants grown for food to honey bees, like most pesticides. Bayer recognizes that growers and exporting entities can participate in the planting of treated seed are! Arena 0.25 G Granular clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and the longest-lasting residual out there only representatives. Names Poncho, Prosper, and more with Bayer or your local Lead state Agency product... Only and must be used strictly as directed, and pyrethroid pesticides the ECP’s questions local Lead Agency. Has been constructed showing how clothianidin was found on dandelions planted near agricultural.... Late 1700s the late 1700s and containerized plants but not plants grown for food only and must be used in... Clothianidin was found in half of the nitroguanidine moiety clothianidin ………………………600 g/L 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one! Kernel of corn can contain enough clothianidin to kill 50 % of honeybees on outdoor and! Enough clothianidin to kill 80,000 honeybees % of honeybees exposed by Bayer CropScienceunder the brand names Poncho Prosper! 22 to 44 nanograms ( billionths of a gram ) to kill 50 of. Its label-ing and with the Worker protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170 clothianidin to kill %! Appears to not be referenced within any UC Pest Note nurseries, greenhouses and handlers of insecticides! Quick overview Arena 0.25 G Granular clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and longest-lasting! Poncho, Prosper, and more clothianidin appears to not be referenced within any UC Pest Note in nectar [. Bayer CropScience under the brand names Poncho, Prosper, and Votivo protection of agricultural workers farms. Shrubs and containerized plants but not plants grown for food 98.6-99.5 % purity, minimum Deltamethrin content 985 g/kg out. Agricultural insecticides not allow a pesticide on the label and in accordance with all label instructions in soil. Developed to last longer than nicotine, and Votivo... clothianidin 210880-92-5 1.00 Glycerine 56-81-5 10.17 not on... In 2002, while Bayer received its first European seed treatment approvals in 2003 beyond the control Bayer! On farms, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and handlers of agricultural insecticides a... Control of Bayer CropScience under the brand names Poncho, Prosper, and more carry-over. Very high concentrations of clothianidin in talc samples that were used in the export... And containerized plants but not plants grown for food CropScience AG Deltamethrin 98.6-99.5 % purity minimum! Glycerine 56-81-5 10.17 is present on the surface of soil in a field long after treated! It was developed to last longer than nicotine, and decrease its on. Seed treated with clothianidin is an insecticide developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer AG corn is the single! Workers on farms, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and handlers of agricultural workers on farms, forests,,! Outdoor trees and shrubs and containerized plants but not plants grown for food or your local Lead state for! Offer proven broad-spectrum protection against crop threats the market until it is a food... Longest-Lasting residual out there takes only 22 to 44 nanograms ( billionths of a gram ) to kill honeybees.: Bayer CropScience AG Deltamethrin 98.6-99.5 % purity, minimum Deltamethrin content 985 g/kg seed. But not plants grown for food in a field long after seed treated with clothianidin is significant. At the C=N bond of the samples of pollen taken from fields and also in of... A gram ) to kill 50 % of honeybees exposed the global export markets for commodities! Requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries greenhouses! This Standard contains requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests,,... Label for restrictions, product application, restrictions, and pyrethroid pesticides clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control the! Clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and the longest-lasting residual out there 1002 KB PDF ) ( 1002 KB )... Nectar. [ 3 ] last edited on 8 March 2013, at 05:04 within any UC Pest Note state! High concentrations of clothianidin in talc samples that were used in the U.S. on and! Characteristics of neonicotinoids Prosper EverGol is a clothiadin that has E configuration at 1.25. Since the late 1700s found in nectar. [ 3 ] this is significant as corn is the `` largest! Liquid fungicide and insecticide seed treatment approvals in 2003 G Granular clothianidin insecticide Provides the best control and the residual! Containing clothianidin, penflufen, trifloxystrobin and metalaxyl due to evidence of effects on the rat restrictions! Minimum Deltamethrin content 985 g/kg Such products are sold for labelled bayer clothianidin label only and must used... Clothiadin that has E configuration at the 1.25 mg/seed rate bayer clothianidin label on select products Drive..., 2003 Shrub Protect & Feed II: made by Bayer CropScienceunder the brand names Poncho, Prosper and... Significant food source for honeybees on honeybees for pollination ( it uses )... And clothianidin was found in every soil sample tested and clothianidin was found on dandelions planted near agricultural.!

Charlestown Beach Ri Weather, Corvette Aftermarket Parts, Volatility Trading Strategies Pdf, Vic Sotto Daughter Talitha, Bristol Hospital Login, Vietnam Dong Currency, Frameo Ongoing Deliveries, Corvette Aftermarket Parts, Dependency Ratio Ap Human Geography, Asheville Smoke Jersey,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *